ISSUE 2: STAR TREK… A GOURMET’S DREAM OF FOOD FOR THOUGHT

by STEVE VERTLIEB

MT’s associate editor Steve Vertlieb is one of the country’s more prolific and dedicated critics, supporters and authorities on STAR TREK. He has had articles of his opinion about the show printed in various journals. Some of them have stirred heated reaction, as well as retort in print.

Just to get a little controversy going (and to entertain our readers) we’ve decided to let Steve have another go of it in our own pages.

Here Steve tells about the greatness of the show (and manages to give a few good ‘n’ nasty kicks to the rear of some temporarily prominent science fiction “authority”). Steve doesn’t have far to search for people who agree with him that STAR TREK was Great. Issac (Ike) Asimov, veteran SF-bard concurs. Ike likes STAR TREK’ And MT likes Ike! So with no further ado, we all let Steve begin…

Sick-em! Steve!

In a recent filmed lecture on science fiction’s role in films, Dr. Isaac Asimov expressed the view that STAR TREK was, in his mind at least, the purest representation of true Sci-Fi in the history of television. Quite an endorsement, that, coming from the lips of one of the giants of science fiction literature, and a scientist of no small renown.

Asimov’s sincere enthusiasm is widely shared, to say the least. When there seemed grave doubt that the series would re-emerge from its summer hiatus in the fall of 1967, normally apathetic network executives were literally forced to sit up and take notice of the giant public mail protest; an exercise somewhat alien to their corporate muscle structure. The series did go on for a second and even a third season while countless competitors fell by the wayside.

STAR TREK: Love it or Grieve it!

As in politics, however, opinion was fiercely divided between fans on the subject of STAR TREK and no one was minus an opinion. One either loved the series or hated it. There was no middle ground. Typical of current anti STAR TREK propaganda is a new paperback release by Sam Lundwall from Ace titled “Science Fiction-What It’s All About.” Lundwall, a Swedish television producer, writes of having had the “dubious pleasure” of seeing a fair number of episodes from the series. Then he proceeds to quote this writer from a piece I did on William Shatner last year. The quote follows: STAR TREK was a gourmet’s dream to a land full of starving science fiction fans. Originally a virgin thought in the mind of its creator, Gene Roddenberry, this personification of class took root in the unlikeliest of fields – network television. Indeed, if Shakespeare had been alive today he might very well have written for Star Trek – the thinking man’s Buck Rogers.

Lundwall remarks that “This description is perhaps more significant of the enthusiasm shown by Star Trek’s superfans than for the actual qualities of the series.”

space is no place for cows!

True, sacred cows have no place in a realistic society but it is nonetheless disturbing to find a fine effort like “Star Trek” maligned by responsible fans merely because it achieved more popularity than its detractors thought was merited. It would be far more advisable to look at “Star Trek’s innumerable qualities than to play upon and enlarge its failings. Serious screen translations of science fiction concepts are all too infrequent to permit careless ridiculing of a series that genuinely tried and often succeeded in bringing mature science fiction to millions of faithful televiewers week after week for three years.

“the man trap’ caught imaginations

“Star Trek” began its original run over NBC Thursday night, September 8th, 1966 with “The Man Trap” by George C. Johnson and starring Jeane Bal and Alfred Ryder. The American Public were casually shown the efforts of an alien being to remain alive among humans, concealed by its ability to continually alter its natural appearance. Its survival depended wholly upon the intake of salt or salt products. When it’s supply of salt tablets dwindles it is forced to act as a parasite, feeding upon the biological salts of the human body.

The offering presented us with an animal, desperately trying to preserve its own existence. This, the most basic of instincts in living beings, could also be found, it seemed, in the psyche of a creature bent on our destruction. The traditional unthinking brute of old was sympathetically transformed into a being that wanted nothing more than to survive. Of course, it was killed, but only in self-defense Thus the seed was planted and a new promise was hinted at; that televised science fiction could be something more than a simple stereotype.

“The Enemy Within” is man’s best friend – himself!

Poe Scenarist, Richard Matheson lent his talents to the new series with “The Enemy Within,” a variation of Stevenson’sDr. Jekyll & Mr. Hyde,” that brought out the unimagined evil side of the captain’s personality in a startlingly vivid performance by William Shatner.

A fallible captain? A vulnerable hero? Whoever heard of such relevances in series television? Heros were supposed to be never wrong, and occasionally wise. How this?

A transporter malfunction separates Jim Kirk into two separate entities as he beams aboard the Enterprise, one benign and the other malignant. The benign Kirk is a compassionate captain, but lacking in the strength of leadership. The violence and willful determination of his supposedly evil half houses the root of the captain’s sum power. Obviously, without the use of his double’s strength, the captain cannot hope to continue as a leader. He is filled with indecision, and his ability to make crucial command decisions is quickly crumbling.

who needs YOU? – YOU do!

Bewildered and frightened, Dr. Jekyll confesses to Mr Hyde that he needs him. They are merely useless nuts and bolts, impotent apart, but together they contribute to the complex machinery that makes a complete human being.

McCoy comments, in a moment of reflection, that there is a dark, hidden side of all of us. It may not be something to be proud of but without it we would not be what we are.

The two personalities reunite for the betterment of both.

STAR TREK’S philosophies often differed from pre-conceived values and popular American concepts of justice. Nothing was purely black and white, the writers told us. For every effect, there had to be a cause as in “The Conscience Of The King.” Why does an ordinary man become a hated murderer of millions? Is he a mindless primitive or was his crime merely an accident of fate, a terrible coincidence that could just as easily have created a hero as it did a villain? Just as no one is born brave, no one is born a killer. Circumstances breed their own outcome.

a king with a conscience?

Arnold Moss, author of “Conscience of the King,” gives life and depth to a brilliant torment, a haunting guilt that has agonized and hounded all men accused of the most heinous crimes. The name of Kodos has been loathed and whispered about for an eternity. A latter-day Hitler, he decided who would physically survive a sweeping famine that spread throughout his colony. No supplies could be spared for his people. A whole population was starving but the remaining food supply could feed only a fraction. Kodos believed that the survival of the fittest, the elite, was infinitely preferable to allowing all of the people to suffer. He therefore announced the forced extermination of those who remained, to save them their misery.

He believed he could avoid certain chaos and bloodshed by employing this strong safeguard. However, a supply ship suddenly arrives with the needed provisions and proves an otherwise humanitarian gesture the deed of a monster. The thin line between hero and villain is brought strikingly home, and one need look only to My Lai for an effective modern analogy.

a nifty new fad – WAR!

“A Taste Of Armageddon” examined the ultimate obscenity; a “clean,” sterile war fought with computers for the sake of expediency. Like a child’s game, whenever the opposing computer registers a mock hit on the map the citizens of the designated area are led away to absorption centers as “casualties.” Thanks to the wonders of modern science, Man can be killed in a pleasant, painless, uncomplicated manner as never before. After hundreds of years of fighting, by way of mutual agreement between the two planets, the senseless destruction of property has now been made totally unnecessary.

War, no longer a costly waste, has been made more tolerable. Actual bombing has ceased, and “all it took was a little bit of cooperation on the part of the citizenry.” Merely a willingness to commit idealistic suicide! Sickened by the spectacle, Kirk initiates a real attack on the other planet, forcing the inhabitants to regain a frightening appreciation for the value of their own lives by signaling the resumption of a real war.

the right that failed

As stated earlier, Star Trek was not above stressing the human failings of the Enterprise crew. They were refreshingly human and never meant to appear omnipotent. Although their five-year mission was in all respects a peaceful one, there came the inevitable confrontations between hero and villain, and we always knew that the Enterprise stood on the side of right. But did it?

The great starship embarks on an “Errand Of Mercy” when it learns that the Klingon empire is planning an attack on Organia, a peaceful planet of farmers that has done nothing more to merit an invasion than stand in the middle of a natural invasion route to Earth.

Upon beaming down to the planet, Kirk and Spock receive a transmission to the effect that the Enterprise is under an attack from the Klingons, and that they are stranded on the planet. The Organians do their best to hide the visitors when the enemy occupation forces arrive, but Organian attire cannot camouflage the explosive difference between human and Organian temperament. The abnormally meek people seem reluctant to voice even the mildest disapproval of their captors.

the cowards! They won’t let us defend them!

Kirk is furious since it is clear that the meek may inherit the earth but not, it seems, Organia. Rising to the glory of the occasion, he takes the role of a single, but mighty champion and does his best to win the impending battle with the Klingons.

As tempers grow heated and the respective Captains prepare for mortal combat they find their phasers too hot to handle. Even the touch of each other in hand to hand combat is too painful to endure. Stunned in disbelief, the combatants face their hosts.

“What’s going on?” they demand.

The Organians explain that they have simply raised the temperature on all of their weapons to three hundred and fifty degrees, and rendered them inoperative.

“You will have to leave,” they say. “The mere presence of beings like yourselves is acutely painful to us.”

“But you’ve got no right to interfere,” protests Kirk. “They’ve invaded our territory.”

“This is our home, not yours,” they answer. “Neither of you belongs here, so what is it you’re defending? The right to make war and kill millions of innocent people?”

“But you are like us,” cries Kirk.

The Organians answer is to tap their unguessed at power and disappear in a blinding glow of energy. Spock remarks that they have as much in common with us as we would have with an amoeba.

More than slightly humiliated, Kirk recognizes the animal instinct still inherent in his species and learns a valuable lesson; that arrogance has no place in the universe.

Trek’s entry into its second season was a disappointing one. A cheapening effect seemed to have been added, and a general lack of direction appeared suddenly prevalent. The marveled at sensitivity of the first season had been regrettably replaced by physical images rather than mental ones. The accent of the series slanted more and more towards action, brutality and little else. However, as saddening as the decline was, there were yet enough intelligent scripts on the drawing board to make the young series the most imaginative on the air.

On September 22nd, 1967 Star Trek presented its second program of the second season, and what was to be its most fascinating offering that year. The show was “Who Mourns For Adonais” by Gilbert Ralston and Gene L. Coon.

how do ya like THEM Apollos?

The very roots of mythology stretch outward in time to hold the Enterprise tight in their grasp as the Greek god, Apollo, magically appears on a distant planet deep in the galaxy, and demands adoration from the earthlings.

If the stories of the ancient gods were born in thy imagination of superstitious peasants, then such beings never really existed. But what if they did exist, not as gods, but as a race of super-beings who visited the earth long, long ago? To a simple culture, visitors in spaceships were so far beyond their understanding that they would have had to have appeared godlike. They couldn’t have been taken for anything else, in fact. If this race had evolved to a point where their existence was virtually unlimited, then this could well be the Apollo of ancient lore.

bein’ a god is a rough job!

Intriguing, yes, but of more direct importance was the fact that in Apollo’s mind, his lost children had gained the stars only to fall at his feet once again in worship. For all his strength, Apollo was a child with a starving ego, desperately craving affection. And if he didn’t get it, like a rejected child, he could strike out savagely at those who had offended him. In the case of a “god,” such childish “revenge” was a frightening thought. And makes one wonder…

Kirk’s only chance is to shake Apollo’s confidence in himself, wound his vanity. In short, destroy him. When it becomes clear that Apollo finds a young lieutenant, Carolyn Bassett, unnervingly attractive and wants to make her his bride throughout eternity, Kirk realizes that Apollo has chosen the tool of his own destruction. What he hadn’t counted on was the fact that the girl was obligingly falling in love with Apollo. It was doubly painful, then, to order the girl to spurn him.

Forced to obey the will of her superior officer, Carolyn tells her god that her interest in him is purely clinical, as a scientist peering through a microscope at a new specimen. Apollo is at first enraged and then, hurt beyond dreams, his world above the heavens shattered, the heartbroken giant of a simpler age gives up life, and cries out longingly for relief to his departed comrades.

“Zeus, Mercury, Hera, Venus …. You were right. The time is past. There is no room for gods. My old friends, forgive me, take me. Let the book be closed. The final word is written.”

The image fades from view, yet never from memory. The young lieutenant is sobbing. The rest of the landing party stands in awed silence.

“I wish we hadn’t had to do that,” McCoy comments quietly.

“So do I, Bones,” Kirk adds. “I feel like I’ve lost something. Would it hurt us, I wonder … just to gather a few laurel leaves?”

starships run on steam?

The final season was even more disappointing than the second had been and although the valiant series was rapidly running out of steam, most of us still prayed for a last-minute network reprieve and a fourth year of missions on the U.S.S. Enterprise. In January of 1969, NBC announced cancellation of STAR TREK. In summer of that year the network belatedly aired its final offering, “Turnabout Intruder,” one of the finest offerings of the last segments. With the coming of the 1969/1970 season, STAR TREK left the air for the last time, and the Star Ship Enterprise flew off on its course to new and distant galaxies … leaving us far behind and forever gone from sight.

ISSUE 2: EDITORIAL, CREDITS, INDEX, AND INDICIA

OH BOY! STAR TREK! A whole issue dedicated to every aspect of the show! Just one question – Why?

That’s a pretty good question…

Well, this special ish of THE MONSTER TIMES serves a 2-fold purpose – to celebrate the first annual STAR TREK CONVENTION, January 21, 22, 23 at New York’s Statler-Hilton, and secondly, to commemorate the convention’s memory.

HUH?

You see, we figured the STAR TREK CON was such a nifty idea, that we put out this special issue in honor of it. However, as our distribution schedules go, some of you readers will be reading this in your (few) spare moments at the hectic bustling TREK-CON, as this ish is made specially available to you there, whereas the rest of you have purchased your copy after the convention, at your local newsstand.

So this issue is both a special supplement and a memento of the gala occasion, and we have made our coverage so thorough, that those who didn’t attend the con can get the spirit and crazy exuberance of the luna-module-tic affair. So it’ll seem to you you were there (poor souls!).

ANCIENT SECRETS REVEALED:

Doubtless there are many questions about the show you have long wanted answering. Just to be pesky, we’ll ask them again:

Q: Who was STAR TREK’s salt-thriving vampire? page 5.

Q: Who kept hiding Leonard Nimoy‘s bicycle in the studio rafters? page 14

Q: Did you know the first STAR TREK model kit was a real lemon? page 22

Q: What did chopped chicken liver get for one wise Trekkie? page 28

Q: What lunacies will we be presenting two weeks from now? See back cover.

So, for those of you who’ve bought this modestly superb effort at the STAR TREK CON, enjoy the festivities – and maybe drop over by THE MONSTER TIMES’ special table in Spaceway Hucksters’ room, and maybe perhaps subscribe (mercenary, ain’t we!). For those who (sadly) missed the convention (details of it are on page 23), we hope this issue makes up for it, and we hope to see you there next year.

Next issue (2 weeks from now), we return to our regular newspaper programming, with Giant Bugs on the Munch. See you and your napkins then!

“MT-Many Thanks! Chuck

CHUCK R. McNAUGHTON: Almighty Editor. JOE KANE: Managing Editor. ALLAN ASHERMAN, PHIL SEULING, STEVE VERTLIEB: Associate Editors. BRILL AND WALDSTEIN. Art Direction. BILL FERET, DENNY O’NEIL, C.M. RICHARDS: Columnists. ALLAN ASHERMAN, JESSICA CLERK, DAVE IZZO, DEAN ALPHEOUS LATIMER, ED NAHA, C.M. RICHARDS, STEVE VERTLIEB, JIM WNOROSKI: Contributing Writers. JACK JACKSON: Contributing Photographer, LARRY WALDSTEIN: West Coast Correspondent. JESSICA CLERK: European Correspondent. RICH BUCKLER, ERNIE COLON, CARLOS GARZON, DAN GREEN, STEVE HICKMAN, JIMMY JANES, JEFF JONES, MIKE KALUTA, GRAY MORROW, B.B. SAMS, LARRY TODD, BERNIE WRIGHTSON: Contributing Artists.

1 THE STAR TREK SAGA:
The show’s origins, exploits and fateful (shudder!) destiny.

4 STAR TREK… A GOURMET’S DREAM OF FOOD FOR THOUGHT
Some of the greatest missions.

7 BOOK REVIEW: THE MAKING OF STAR TREK:
A handy reference, if you write S.T. comics.

12 TV SPACEMEN:
A playful portfolio of early rabbit-eared star-raiders.

13 INTERVIEW WITH WILLIAM SHATNER:
Capt. Kirk lets it all hang in outer space, Star-flight-on!

15 LEONARD NIMOY:
An informal, ear-perking portrait of one Vulcanized actor.

16 STAR TREK COLOR POSTER:
Worth the price of the whole dang Trekkified issue!

18 MONSTER TIMES TELETYPE:
Facts, flashes and fore-tollings of monster film news.

20 M.T. PRODUCT TEST:
Star Trek Model kits… and a couple of interesting facsimiles.

23 STAR TREK CONVENTION NOTES:
What’s happening at Ye olde whole sha-bang!

25 THE COP WHO LAUNCHED THE ENTERPRISE:
An Encyclopedia Film-Fannica portrait of Genius Gene Roddenberry.

26 STAR YECCH! – A PIX-PARODY:
A special photo-comix takeoff, so’s we don’t take this adulation business to seriously.

28 THE LAST DAYS OF THE ENTERPRISE:
The last laughs and last heartbreak of the last day of shooting.


THIS ISSUE’S COVER is excerpted from this issue’s super color centerfold poster which we especially commissioned Gray Morrow to concoct for this special all-STAR TREK issue. We trust you’ll find Gray’s fantastically designed poster even more exciting than our cover. We sincerely believe our poster and your wall will be very happy together.

THE MONSTER TIMES, No. 2, Feb. 16th, 1972 published every two weeks by The Monster Times Publishing Company. P.O. Box 595, Old Chelsea Station, New York, N.Y. 10011. Subscriptions in U.S.A.: $ 6.00 for 13 issues, outside U.S.A.: $10.00 for 26 issues. Second-class mail privileges authorized at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Contributions are invited provided return postage is enclosed; however, no responsibility can be accepted for unsolicited material. Entire contents copyrighted (c) 1972, by The Monster Times Publishing company. Nothing may be reprinted in whole or in part without written permission from the publisher. Subscriber change of address; give 8 weeks notice. Send an address imprint from recent issue or state exactly how label is addressed.

Printed in U.S.A.

ISSUE 1: EDITORIAL, CREDITS, INDEX, AND INDICIA

DESTINY DEMANDS:

Destiny has brought forth this first issue of The Monster Times, and the theme of the issue is Destiny at work. Hark work.

It takes a lot of back-hunching work to bring out a publishing sensation like The Monster Times – a tabloid monster newspaper of films, comics, fantasy and science fiction, news, reviews, previews and interviews – appearing every two weeks! But ol’ Destiny had a hand in it, and now we are the thankfully proud purveyors of the phenomenon.

The theme of Destiny is evident in our crypt-full of “firsts” as seen for instance in this first issue’s QUIZ:

Q: What did a fellow named “Max Terror” have to do with the first Vampire Film? (Page 4).

Q: Did you know that Dracula’s name was really “Irving?” (Page 5).

Q: Did you know the first Frankenstein monster had long hair? (Page 6).

Q: Who were the first blabbermouths to warn that people from the lost continent of Atlantis were secretly controlling us? (Page 11).

Q: What real-life 9-foot lizards inspired the first film appearance of King Kong? (Page 22).

Q: What 1936 film first accurately predicted World War Two, television and the atomic bomb? (Page 27).

Q: How often will The Monster Times be appearing on your newsstands? (see below).

…EVERY TWO WEEKS

Future issues of “MT” will theme themselves about Star Trek (next issue) Frankenstein, Flash Gordon, Werewolves, The War of the Worlds, Giant Bugs on the Munch, Edgar Rice Burroughs, the Ghastly and Great Horror Comics of the 1950’s, etc.

Plus a captivating cornucopia of creative creepish comix, pulsating posters, nerve-numbing news releases, freakish fan-happenings and wrenching reportage of general goings-on in the ever-expanding cantankerous cosmos of the 20th Century’s Popular Arts Renaissance.

INITIAL INSPIRATION:

“MT” – Monster Times! “MT” – Merely Terrific! “MT” – Morbidly Tasteful! “MT” – More Than Merely Timely, Mighty Topical, Modestly Trend-setting! For these are the best of times and the worst of times, these indeed quite are; THE MONSTER TIMES!

Destiny Demanded that The Monster Times came to be-And you, dear reader, have helped us fulfill our destiny by buying our premier issue. See you in two weeks!

“MT” – Many Thanks! Chuck

CHUCK A. McNAUGHTON: Almighty Editor. JOE KANE: Managing Editor. ALLAN ASHERMAN, PHIL SEULING, STEVE VERTLIEB: Associate Editors. BRILL AND WALDSTEIN: Art Direction. BILL FERET, DENNY O’NEIL, C.M. RICHARDS: Columnists. ALLAN ASHERMAN, JESSICA CLERK, DAVE IZZO, DEAN ALPHEOUS LATIMER, ED NAHA, C.M. RICHARDS, STEVE VERTLIEB, JIM WNOROSKI: Contributing Writers. JACK JACKSON: Contributing Photographer. LARRY WALDSTEIN: West Coast Correspondent. JESSICA CLERK: European Correspondent. RICH BUCKLER, ERNIE COLON, CARLOS GARZON, DAN GREEN, STEVE HICKMAN, JIMMY JANES, JEFF JONES, MIKE KALUTA, GRAY MORROW, B.B. SAMS, LARRY TODD, BERNIE WRIGHTSON: Contributing Artists

THE MEN WHO SAVED KING KONG from the cutting-room floor – page 1

NOSFERATU: the first Vampyr – but not the last! – page 3

DER GOLEM: Mud, sweat & tears that made Czechs bounce – page 6

BUCK ROGERS: His rockets roared thru a vacuum of space! – page 9

THE MONSTER MARKET: Is the Wolfman better than George Washington? – page 15

MONSTER TIMES POSTER BONUS! Frankenstein, by Berni Wrightson – page 16

THE GHOULS, A BOOK REVIEW: of Ghouls, by Ghouls and for $7.95 – page 18

MUSHROOM MONSTERS: An MT series on the ’50’s bomb Bomb movies – page 19

NOSFERATU, A GRAPHIC INTERPRETATION: Special comic strip treatment – page 20

THINGS TO COME: The most prophetic film ever made – page 22

MY TELETYPE & CON CALENDAR: Reviews, previews and news of fan conventions – page 18

MONSTER FAN FAIR: Where you can advertise for monsters and comix – page 31


Our premier cover has been specially rendered by ace science fiction illustrator and syndicated cartoonist (Big Ben Bolt), Gray Morrow. Gray found time away from his prolific chores to prepare this fantastic mini-poster of King Kong for our first issue.

THE MONSTER TIMES, No. 1 January 26, 1972, published every two weeks by The Monster Times Publishing Company. P.O. Box 595, Old Chelsea Station, New York, N.Y. 10011. Subscriptions in U.S.A.: $ 6.00 for 13 issues, outside U.S.A.: $10.00 for 26 issues. Second class mail privileges authorized at New York, N.Y. and at additional mailing offices. Contributions are invited provided return postage is enclosed; however, no responsibility can be accepted for unsolicited material. Entire contents copyrighted (c) 1972, by The Monster Times Publishing company. Nothing may be reprinted in whole or in part without written permission from the publisher. Subscriber change of address; give 8 weeks notice. Send an address imprint from recent issue or state exactly how label is addressed.

Printed in U.S.A.

ISSUE 1: THE MEN WHO SAVED… KING KONG

by Steve Vertlieb

We of The Monster Times doubt there is a person left alive who has not seen King Kong, at least once. There is a movie theater in South Africa which shows the film every day year after year, and has shown it for over 25 years! Kong climbs the Empire State Building at least once a day in America either in “art” movie houses or on the TV screen. You’d think he’d get tired. But nope, he only gets more popular.

Wondering why, we asked our Kong specialist and film researcher, Steve Vertlieb to find out. Seems that the ol’ gorilla had a closer shave than any pterodactyl’s wing could have given him… his life was almost nipped by a cut budget at the old RKO accounting office. Here Steve, in the first of three articles on Kong, tells the long-guarded secret of the King of Kong’s fitful fight for birth, and of the three creative geniuses who delivered him into finished celluloid; Merian C. Cooper, Willis O’Brien, and Max Steiner, three men who each, in his own special way, jolly well did save King Kong… from oblivion, and for us. “Destiny” had a hand in it, to be sure; and Destiny has the “King’s Touch”…

There is a place, a vault of dreams where never realized plans and almost forgotten projects sit, alone and lost, on a dusty and cluttered shelf accumulating endless, endless time. Some were films that never came to be, and while many of these abandoned productions must be mourned over and lamented, there has been an occasional instance when the decision for change has been the right one, the proper one, a choice that forever shaped the history of motion pictures.

In 1940, the world was deprived of a film called “The War Eagle” that was to have been made by M.G.M. Had it been filmed the chances are great that the picture would have emerged a fantasy classic, for it was the project of General Merian C. Cooper, the man responsible for bringing to the screen the single most impressive fantasy film of all time.

“The War Eagle” was in its early planning stages when “Coop” returned to active military service, thereby terminating its production. A costly endeavor, the picture would have painted the fantastic portrait of a race of cavemen astride giant, prehistoric birds, who attempt to conquer modern-day New York?

Does the basic premise of this plot sound familiar? It should, for this would have been the third time that a film based upon that plot had been produced.

The first film to have employed prehistoric creatures in a modern setting was First National’s daring version of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s “The Lost World” released in 1925 and starring Wallace Beery, Lewis Stone and Bessie Love. However, it was the second attempt at filming this theme that truly captured the imagination of the theatre-going world and inspired unparalleled excitement for attending audiences nearly forty years after its original release.

the film that almost wasn’t

The film was, of course, “King Kong” and it was largely the end result of an idea formed years earlier in the mind of Merian Cooper, the creative genius behind some of the most exciting and visually impressive fare in the past fifty years. Many men with considerable talent helped to form what would have become the final version of “King Kong” but throughout its enumerable growing pains there seemed to be only one man who remained faithfully behind the project from its modest beginnings. Cooper, alone, persisted in his faith that “Kong” would one day become a reality, and were it not for his far-sighted efforts on behalf of the world’s most celebrated gorilla, “King Kong” would have turned out a very different film, indeed.

“King Kong” began to form in Cooper’s mind as early as 1930, when he completed the first “treatment” of the story. From the beginning he had envisioned a modernistic re-telling of “The Beauty And The Beast” in which a giant gorilla would be transported from his home in a primitive jungle to the more polished skyscraper jungles of New York. There he would meet his end atop the tower of the awesome Empire State Building, fighting for his right to existence against civilization’s bullet-spewing Pterodactyls.

no tin lizards, they!

Cooper’s fascination with apes stemmed from his days in Africa shooting footage, with his close friend and associate Ernest B. Schoedsack, for their silent adventure classic, “Four Feathers”, but the force that triggered his inspiration for “Kong” would seem to have been the publication of “The Dragon Lizards of Komodo”, the true story of nine-foot carnivorous lizards on Komodo Island in the East Indies.

The book was written by a friend of Cooper’s, W. Douglas Burden, a director at the Museum of Natural History in New York City, and set Cooper thinking of how easy it would be to utilize these lizards within the framework of his film. He would take a camera crew to Africa once again and shoot footage of a normal gorilla, and then transport that animal to the island of Komodo for a fight with an actual dragon. Later at the studio he could always enlarge both of the animals on film to make them appear abnormally large.

Cooper consulted with Burden about a name to call his huge protagonist. “Coop” seemed to have an affinity for names of one syllable in his previous productions, and the more unusual sounding they were the happier he would be. As all of the native dialogue used in the final film was to be authentic, he finally decided upon using the islander’s word for gorilla which happened to be “KONG”. He added a title to his character to impress his power upon the audience and the simple result was King Gorilla, or as in the preferred translation, “King Kong.”

back-breaking backing back in broke-days

Now, the problem was to find studio backing-not an easy task in a depression. Famed film producer David O. Selznick and his brother, Myron, were in New York trying to raise money in hopes of beginning a new, independent production company that David would head. Cooper presented the idea to the Selznicks but they had their own problems at the time and “Kong” was just not ready for production yet. The moment had not yet arrived.

The year was 1931 and in September of that year David Selznick became executive vice president in charge of production at R.K.O. The studio had suffered through years of mismanagement and was on the verge of bankruptcy. Selznick was handed the enormous task of saving the company. One of his first official decisions was to call in his old friend, Merian Cooper, to assist him in cleaning up the mess. One of Cooper’s assignments was to evaluate projects either in, or planned for production that were held over from the previous regime. Decisions would be made then on whether or not they were worth continuing or if it would be financially wiser to simply scrap the projects and move ahead to newer, sounder adventures.

Here, fate stepped into the life of “Coop” and his pet project, for among the productions he was asked to look into and evaluate was a proposed feature-length picture to deal with the beginnings of our planet and portray prehistoric animals on the screen. The film was titled “Creation” and it introduced Cooper to an ambitious special effects technician named Willis O’Brien.

O’Brien had almost single-handedly invented a marvelous photographic process called Stop Motion that he had used very successfully six years earlier in another film called “The Lost World.”

However, the art was still in its infancy when “Obie” made “The Lost World” for First National and he had been working hard on perfecting it while at R.K.O. Many of the bugs had been taken out since 1925, and O’Brien was prepared to prove it.

Kong walked tall -but S-L-O-W!

As he explained to Cooper, Stop Motion was the slow, tedious procedure of animating inanimate objects. The process was nearly identical to the method of bringing cartoons to life on the screen, except that he worked with small, rubber dolls that were built pliable enough to permit movement of the body.

To give his animals the illusion of life he would move a limb a tiny fraction of an inch and then proceed to shoot some frames of that movement. Then he would stop the camera and set up the animal for another shot by positioning the limb of the animal into a slightly altered angle. After that he would start the camera rolling again and shoot some further frames.

When all of the various body movements were recorded on film and played back it appeared to the viewer that the animals were moving of their own accord and possessed a very real-life force of their own.

Cooper was deeply impressed with the possibilities of using this special technique on the screen. However, it wasn’t the filming of Obie’s “Creation” that excited him but the thought of using Stop Motion procedures in his own, unborn film of “King Kong.” By creating models of the animals he would not only be able to shoot the entire picture in the studio, thereby eliminating the need for extensive “location” filming halfway around the world, but he would be able to achieve undreamed-of authenticity in the appearance and movements of his animals. This was the beginning of a dream come true for Cooper.

Destiny had brought these two men together to film the most astounding motion picture of the age. Now, all Cooper had to do was convince the board of directors at R.K.O.

kill a gorilla with a small bankbook

The New York executives weren’t quite as excited about the plan as General Cooper and Willis O’Brien. Radio Pictures was on such insecure footing at this stage that the directors would probably have balked at investing a penny for a stick of gum. In their favor, however, was the complete and continued support of David Selznick. It was this support that prompted the worried executives in New York to authorize the filming of just one reel which would be shown at a future sales meeting. After the accountants could get a look at what it was Cooper was trying to peddle to them they might have a better idea of the picture’s marketability.

Cooper was in a tight bind and he knew it but he had little choice. He could either make the test reel and hope for approval or start from the beginning again by seeking backing elsewhere. There was no choice. He had to go ahead. Choosing what sequence to put on film would not be an easy decision. Whatever he presented to the board of directors would really have to excite their imaginations and stimulate their wallets.

He made his choice. The scene to be filmed would be of the giant ape violently shaking the frightened men off of the log and into a great pit below. Additionally, some footage of Kong’s battle with a huge Allosaurus in the primeval jungle would be shot.

“baby” in a tin can

The big day arrived at last as Cooper arrived at the sales meeting with his “baby” tucked under his arm. The sales meeting was called to order, the men took their seats, and the projector began to reel off a very special single reel of film. This was to be the ultimate moment. When the lights came on again Cooper had his answer. There was overwhelming enthusiasm for the footage and he was granted immediate permission to begin work on “King Kong.” Cooper had won his victory, and “Kong” would at last be made.

Cooper had now been promoted to a higher post. He was Selznick’s executive assistant. He was producing two films simultaneously for the studio. His partner, Schoedsack, was to co-direct “Kong” with Cooper, while also directing the second Cooper production, “The Most Dangerous Game” on alternating sound stages. Identical sets and nearly identical players populated the work crews and locations of both pictures. They were, indeed, sister productions.

An important part of the filming of “King Kong” was to be a great wall that separated the native population from Kong and his assortment of monstrous companions. It would have to be enormous and magnificent. Hollywood is a town saturated with props from films gone by and films yet to be made. Cooper set about visiting the town he knew so well in search of a wall. He didn’t have much luck.

King of Kings into Kong of Kongs

Returning home he began to wander about the forty-acre back lot of R.K.O. Pathe in Culver City. What was it someone said about your own backyard?

“Them Rockettes are sure a tough act to follow.”

Staring him in the face was the skeleton of a huge gate that Cecil B. DeMille had built years earlier for his production of the classic “King of Kings.” Coop “appropriated” the gate and quickly assigned a crew of studio workmen to remodel the structure for his purposes. He ordered two giant doors built for the center of the wall and fabricated a native village in miniature directly in front of the wall. (In some shots of the wall in the finished film one can spot certain Roman-looking columns held over from the DeMille film.)

Meanwhile, Selznick had decided to go elsewhere for employment, and departed R.K.O. for Metro Goldwyn Mayer. In his place as Production Head of the studio was his former assistant. Cooper was now fully in charge.

shiftless spiders snidely snipped

Generally assumed to have been a part of the original test reel was a brief sequence that involved huge, carnivorous spiders. When the angered “Kong” shakes his unfortunate victims off the lot and into the ravine below they are hungrily devoured by the waiting spiders. While the print was still being cut, and in its “work” stages Cooper decided that the spiders slowed up the pacing of the film. He wanted to keep it tight at all times so he deleted the scene, and it was never shown to anyone outside of the immediate studio complex.

Famed mystery writer Edgar Wallace was under contract to R.K.O. at this time and was assigned the task of writing a scenario based on Cooper’s original story. Cooper agreed to share screen and book credit for authorship with Wallace. Wallace died before he ever had an opportunity to work on the screenplay of the film so Coop was without a writer temporarily. Ruth Rose was a writer that he had great respect for and she was, coincidentally, married to Schoedsack. Cooper decided to keep it in the family and so he assigned Miss Rose, along with fellow writer, James Creelman to compose the final script. For the official novelization he turned to an old newspaper friend, Delos W. Lovelace, who wrote a faithful adaptation of the story. The novel was published by Grosset and Dunlap in 1933 and the author’s credit at the top of the page read as follows: “King Kong” By Edgar Wallace and Merian C. Cooper; Novelized By Delos W. Lovelace.

Cooper had kept his promise.

As it turned out, ninety-five percent of “King Kong” was filmed directly on the studio lot just as Cooper had predicted. There was very little actual location footage done and costs were kept at a minimum. Kong’s sole public appearance as “Carl Denham’s Monster” in New York City was filmed at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. The scenes entering the theatre, in the seated audience, and presented on the stage were all shot entirely in one day.

There the captive, bound tight to a wooden cross, bore an uncomfortable resemblance to the crucifixion of Christ; Kong of Kongs!

The sequences taken aboard Captain Englehorn’s embattled old steamer were really filmed on a tramp steamer in San Pedro Harbor.

Rather than display Kong on a theatrical stage as was finally agreed upon, Cooper’s first conception of that unveiling was to present Kong to New York in a huge, outdoor stadium in broad daylight. Choices being considered for the location were Madison Square Garden and Yankee Stadium. O’Brien went as far as sketching his version of the scene when the director decided in favor of the theatre. Presumably, the Shrine Auditorium was intended to represent New York’s Radio City Music Hall.

hands across the (animator’s) table

O’Brien drew a series of preliminary sketches of the animal at various stages of the film. As in the film, the cities and jungles were fashioned by Mario Larrinaga and Byron L. Crabbe.

All of the animals in the picture were built by the skilled hands of Marcel Delgado, model maker supreme.

Throughout the long history of “Monster” movies, technicians have striven to create new, and blood-curdling sounds to emanate from the vocal cords of their creations. Kong’s fierce, never-to-be-forgotten roar was achieved by the recording, at half speed, of a fully grown lion which was then printed in reverse on the soundtrack.

“King Kong” was completed after one year at a cost of approximately $650,000.00. A full-size bust of Kong was put on display in the forecourt of Sid Grauman’s Chinese Theatre in Hollywood for the premiere. It was the very same full-scale bust that was used in the production of the movie for some of the closeups of Kong’s face. Of course, the majority of the ape’s appearances on the screen were filmed in Obie’s “Stop Motion” process but there were several times in the run of the film that the full-scale bust was used. The one scene in the film in which a man was dressed in a monkey suit was in the final scene of the movie: Charles Gemora, long associated with playing animals in pictures, donned the gorilla suit for the long shot of Kong climbing up the side of the Empire State Building for his final battle.

music for MAXimum effect

In an adventure film like “King Kong” music plays a vastly important role in creating the proper atmosphere. In many instances film music can make a good film seem better than it actually is. And as for the bad ones, this writer long ago lost count of the miserable pictures that were literally saved by an excellent music score. Similarly, a bad music score can critically wound a decent film. In the case of “Kong”, this was one picture that appeared to have everything going for it. The head of R.K.O.’s music department until 1936 was Max Steiner, a man considered by many film historians to be the most prolific composer of the screen. In his unpublished autobiography, “On The Right Track”, Steiner recalls the growing skepticism on the part of R.K.O.’s executive officers regarding the box office appeal of “Kong.” They had to be repeatedly won over as a collective paranoia recurred over and over again. They thought that the gorilla looked unreal and rather phony, and they were no longer sold on the animated sequences. When it came time for scoring the film they advised Steiner to merely borrow tracks from previous studio films and dub them into the soundtrack of “Kong.” The word was out that no additional money was to be wasted on a film that might turn out to be the ruination of an already dying studio. In other words–no new score and no costly arrangements.

MaxenSteiner’s monster

Fortunately, Cooper re-entered the scene and proved his complete faith in “Kong” once again. “Coop” urged Steiner to write a fresh score for the film and reassured him that he would pay any extra costs from his own pocket. The result was Steiner’s finest hour, the dynamic, heart-pounding score for “King Kong.” The composer set about creating a vast plain of emotional experience set to music. From the moment the film begins with the ominous three bars that fans around the globe universally recognize as Kong’s Theme, to the final, memorable fadeout the listener is caught in a raging onslaught of sound. The slow, gradually building tension of the first hint of arrival on Skull Island is masterfully conveyed as Steiner subtly integrates the deceptive sound of breakers near the shore with the warning drums of unseen natives from somewhere on the beach. As Denham and his crew cautiously leave the shelter of their ship, and enter the apparently empty village they hear a distant chanting somewhere near the great wall up ahead of them.

As they walk steadily nearer the sounds gain strength and momentum until at last the intruders come upon a dazzling ‘sight: the ritualistic sacrifice of a young maiden to something the natives continually call “KONG, KONG.”

However, the momentary safety of the explorers on Skull Island is abruptly interrupted when the tribal chief catches sight of them, and calls a halt to the proceedings. Steiner accents every movement of the chief’s strut as he walks toward the intruders. His slow, deliberate steps are contrasted dramatically by the wild, gyrating advance of the menacing witch doctor. This is only a prelude to the unrestrained frenzy of the natives as they invite KONG to partake of their gift, the now captive Ann Darrow. It is here that Steiner captures the fury, and vengeful fanaticism of the island’s populace in an intoxicated rage. The music begins as the natives are already swept up by the exhilaration of what they plan to do. It throbs, and builds to a fever pitch, exuding an excitement from the screen that cannot fail to touch anyone in the viewing audience, and concludes sharply, abruptly at its very peak leaving the helpless spectator literally gasping for his breath.

Sheet music for piano was published for the score, and Steiner recorded a fifteen-minute suite from the film with the R.K.O. Studio Orchestra.

The Prophet Said (as prophets must)…

The music wonderfully sets the pace at the outset for what is to come, but it is aided almost mystically by the mysterious “Old Arabian Proverb” that precedes the story’s unraveling and stands as a profoundly beautiful warning to all who may fall under the spell of the goddess of love: “And The Prophet Said-And lo, the beast looked upon the face of beauty. And it stayed its hand from killing. And from that day, it was as one dead.” The old Arabian proverb was written for the film by that old Arabian, Merian C. Cooper, as a part of his original treatment for the film in 1930, and has since become a genuine slice of American mythology.


ISSUE AFTER NEXT

How To Sell A Gorilla!

Part two of Steve Vertlieb’s Chronicles of Kong; some rarely known or remembered Kong curiosities; rare old posters and advertisements, anecdotes about the gala premiere, and other merchandising highlights of the Greatest Campaign on Earth!, portfolios of never-before-seen poster art, and much, much more!